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Summary

Bio::SeqIO::genbank - GenBank sequence input/output stream

Package variables

Included modules

Inherit

Bio::SeqIO

Synopsis

It is probably best not to use this object directly, but
rather go through the SeqIO handler:

    $stream = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file => $filename,
                              -format => 'GenBank');

    while ( my $seq = $stream->next_seq() ) {
	    # do something with $seq
    }

Description

This object can transform Bio::Seq objects to and from GenBank flat
file databases.
There is some flexibility here about how to write GenBank output
that is not fully documented.    (output only) shows the dna or not
   (output only) provides a sorting func which is applied to the FTHelpers
before printing
   This is function which is called as

   print "ID   ", $func($seq), "\n";

   To generate the ID line. If it is not there, it generates a sensible ID
line using a number of tools.
   If you want to output annotations in Genbank format they need to be
stored in a Bio::Annotation::Collection object which is accessible
through the Bio::SeqI interface method annotation().
   The following are the names of the keys which are pulled from a
Bio::Annotation::Collection object:

 reference       - Should contain Bio::Annotation::Reference objects
 comment         - Should contain Bio::Annotation::Comment objects
 dblink          - Should contain a Bio::Annotation::DBLink object
 segment         - Should contain a Bio::Annotation::SimpleValue object
 origin          - Should contain a Bio::Annotation::SimpleValue object
 wgs             - Should contain a Bio::Annotation::SimpleValue object

Methods

Methods description

 Title   : next_seq
 Usage   : $seq = $stream->next_seq()
 Function: returns the next sequence in the stream
 Returns : Bio::Seq object
 Args    :

 Title   : write_seq
 Usage   : $stream->write_seq($seq)
 Function: writes the $seq object (must be seq) to the stream
 Returns : 1 for success and 0 for error
 Args    : array of 1 to n Bio::SeqI objects

 Title   : _print_GenBank_FTHelper
 Usage   :
 Function:
 Example :
 Returns :
 Args    :

 Title   : _read_GenBank_References
 Usage   :
 Function: Reads references from GenBank format. Internal function really
 Returns :
 Args    :

 Title   : _read_GenBank_Species
 Usage   :
 Function: Reads the GenBank Organism species and classification
           lines. Able to deal with unconvential Organism naming
           formats, and varietas in plants
 Example : ORGANISM  unknown marine gamma proteobacterium NOR5
           $genus = undef
           $species = unknown marine gamma proteobacterium NOR5

           ORGANISM  Drosophila sp. 'white tip scutellum'
           $genus = Drosophila
           $species = sp. 'white tip scutellum'
           (yes, this really is a species and that is its name)
           $subspecies = undef

           ORGANISM  Ajellomyces capsulatus var. farciminosus
           $genus = Ajellomyces
           $species = capsulatus
           $subspecies = var. farciminosus

           ORGANISM  Hepatitis delta virus
           $genus = undef (though this virus has a genus in its lineage, we
                           cannot know that without a database lookup)
           $species = Hepatitis delta virus

 Returns : A Bio::Species object
 Args    : A reference to the current line buffer

 Title   : _read_FTHelper_GenBank
 Usage   : _read_FTHelper_GenBank($buffer)
 Function: reads the next FT key line
 Example :
 Returns : Bio::SeqIO::FTHelper object
 Args    : filehandle and reference to a scalar

 Title   : _write_line_GenBank
 Usage   :
 Function: internal function
 Example :
 Returns :
 Args    :

 Title   : _write_line_GenBank_regex
 Usage   :
 Function: internal function for writing lines of specified
           length, with different first and the next line
           left hand headers and split at specific points in the
           text
 Example :
 Returns : nothing
 Args    : file handle, 
           first header,  
           second header, 
           text-line, 
           regex for line breaks, 
           total line length

 Title   : _post_sort
 Usage   : $obj->_post_sort($newval)
 Function:
 Returns : value of _post_sort
 Args    : newvalue (optional)

 Title   : _show_dna
 Usage   : $obj->_show_dna($newval)
 Function:
 Returns : value of _show_dna
 Args    : newvalue (optional)

 Title   : _id_generation_func
 Usage   : $obj->_id_generation_func($newval)
 Function:
 Returns : value of _id_generation_func
 Args    : newvalue (optional)

 Title   : _ac_generation_func
 Usage   : $obj->_ac_generation_func($newval)
 Function:
 Returns : value of _ac_generation_func
 Args    : newvalue (optional)

 Title   : _sv_generation_func
 Usage   : $obj->_sv_generation_func($newval)
 Function:
 Returns : value of _sv_generation_func
 Args    : newvalue (optional)

 Title   : _kw_generation_func
 Usage   : $obj->_kw_generation_func($newval)
 Function:
 Returns : value of _kw_generation_func
 Args    : newvalue (optional)

Methods code

sub _initialize {

    my($self,@args) = @_;

    $self->SUPER::_initialize(@args);
    # hash for functions for decoding keys.
    $self->{'_func_ftunit_hash'} = {};
    $self->_show_dna(1); # sets this to one by default. People can change it
    if( ! defined $self->sequence_factory ) {
            $self->sequence_factory(Bio::Seq::SeqFactory->new
                            (-verbose => $self->verbose(),
                             -type => 'Bio::Seq::RichSeq'));
    }

}

sub next_seq {

    my ($self,@args) = @_;
    my %args = @args;
    my $builder = $self->sequence_builder();
    my $seq;
    my %params;

  RECORDSTART:
    while (1) {
	my $buffer;
	my (@acc, @features);
	my ($display_id, $annotation);
	my $species;

	# initialize; we may come here because of starting over
	@features = ();
	$annotation = undef;
	@acc = ();
	$species = undef;
	%params = (-verbose => $self->verbose);	# reset hash
	local($/) = "\n";
	while(defined($buffer = $self->_readline())) {
	    last if index($buffer,'LOCUS       ') == 0;
	}
	return unless defined $buffer; # end of file
	$buffer =~ /^LOCUS\s+(\S.*)$/o ||
	    $self->throw("GenBank stream with bad LOCUS line. Not GenBank in my book. Got '$buffer'");

	my @tokens = split(' ', $1);
    
	# this is important to have the id for display in e.g. FTHelper,
	# otherwise you won't know which entry caused an error
	$display_id = shift(@tokens);
	$params{'-display_id'} = $display_id;
	# may still be useful if we don't want the seq
    my $seqlength = shift(@tokens);
    if (exists $VALID_ALPHABET{$seqlength}) {
        # moved one token too far.  No locus name?
        $self->warn("Bad LOCUS name?  Changing [$params{'-display_id'}] to 'unknown' and length to $display_id");
        $params{'-display_id'} = 'unknown';
        $params{'-length'} = $display_id;
        # add token back...
        unshift @tokens, $seqlength;
    } else {
    	$params{'-length'} = $seqlength;
    }
	# the alphabet of the entry
    # shouldn't assign alphabet unless one is specifically designated (such as for rc files)
    my $alphabet = lc(shift @tokens);
	$params{'-alphabet'} = (exists $VALID_ALPHABET{$alphabet}) ? $VALID_ALPHABET{$alphabet} :
                           $self->warn("Unknown alphabet: $alphabet");
	# for aa there is usually no 'molecule' (mRNA etc)
    if ($params{'-alphabet'} eq 'protein') {
	    $params{'-molecule'} = 'PRT'
    } else {
        $params{'-molecule'} = shift(@tokens);
    }
    # take care of lower case issues
    if ($params{'-molecule'} eq 'dna' || $params{'-molecule'} eq 'rna') {
        $params{'-molecule'} = uc $params{'-molecule'};
    }
    $self->debug("Unrecognized molecule type:".$params{'-molecule'}) if
        !exists($VALID_MOLTYPE{$params{'-molecule'}});
	my $circ = shift(@tokens);
    if ($circ eq 'circular') {
        $params{'-is_circular'} = 1;
        $params{'-division'} = shift(@tokens);
    } else {
        # 'linear' or 'circular' may actually be omitted altogether
        $params{'-division'} =
            (CORE::length($circ) == 3 ) ? $circ : shift(@tokens);
    }
	my $date = join(' ', @tokens); # we lump together the rest

	# this is per request bug #1513
	# we can handle
	# 9-10-2003
	# 9-10-03
	# 09-10-2003
	# 09-10-03
	if($date =~ s/\s*((\d{1,2})-(\w{3})-(\d{2,4})).*/$1/) {
	    if( length($date) < 11 ) {
            # improperly formatted date
            # But we'll be nice and fix it for them
            my ($d,$m,$y) = ($2,$3,$4);
            if( length($d) == 1 ) {
                $d = "0$d";
            }
            # guess the century here
            if( length($y) == 2 ) {
                if( $y > 60 ) { # arbitrarily guess that '60' means 1960
                    $y = "19$y";
                } else {
                    $y = "20$y";
                }
                $self->warn("Date was malformed, guessing the century for $date to be $y\n");
            }
            $params{'-dates'} = [join('-',$d,$m,$y)];
        } else {
            $params{'-dates'} = [$date];
	    }
	}
	# set them all at once
	$builder->add_slot_value(%params);
	%params = ();

	# parse the rest if desired, otherwise start over
	if(! $builder->want_object()) {
	    $builder->make_object();
	    next RECORDSTART;
	}

	# set up annotation depending on what the builder wants
	if($builder->want_slot('annotation')) {
	    $annotation = Bio::Annotation::Collection->new();
	}
	$buffer = $self->_readline();
	until( !defined ($buffer) ) {
	    $_ = $buffer;
	    # Description line(s)
	    if (/^DEFINITION\s+(\S.*\S)/) {
		my @desc = ($1);
		while ( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
		    if( /^\s+(.*)/ ) { push (@desc, $1); next };
		    last;
		}
		$builder->add_slot_value(-desc => join(' ', @desc));
				# we'll continue right here because DEFINITION always comes
				# at the top of the entry
		$buffer= $_;
	    }
	    # accession number (there can be multiple accessions)
	    if( /^ACCESSION\s+(\S.*\S)/ ) {
		push(@acc, split(/\s+/,$1));
		while( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
		    /^\s+(.*)/ && do { push (@acc, split(/\s+/,$1)); next };
		    last;
		}
		$buffer = $_;
		next;
	    }
	    # PID
	    elsif( /^PID\s+(\S+)/ ) {
		$params{'-pid'} = $1;
	    }
	    # Version number
	    elsif( /^VERSION\s+(\S.+)$/ ) {
		my ($acc,$gi) = split(' ',$1);
		if($acc =~ /^\w+\.(\d+)/) {
		    $params{'-version'} = $1;
		    $params{'-seq_version'} = $1;
		}
		if($gi && (index($gi,"GI:") == 0)) {
		    $params{'-primary_id'} = substr($gi,3);
		}
	    }
	    # Keywords
	    elsif( /^KEYWORDS\s+(\S.*)/ ) {
		my @kw = split(/\s*\;\s*/,$1);
		while( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
		    chomp;
		    /^\s+(.*)/ && do { push (@kw, split(/\s*\;\s*/,$1)); next };
		    last;
		}

		@kw && $kw[-1] =~ s/\.$//;
		$params{'-keywords'} =\@ kw;
		$buffer = $_;
		next;
	    }
	    # Organism name and phylogenetic information
	    elsif (/^SOURCE\s+\S/) {
		if($builder->want_slot('species')) {
		    $species = $self->_read_GenBank_Species(\$buffer);
		    $builder->add_slot_value(-species => $species);
		} else {
		    while(defined($buffer = $self->_readline())) {
			last if substr($buffer,0,1) ne ' ';
		    }
		}
		next;
	    }
	    # References
	    elsif (/^REFERENCE\s+\S/) {
		if($annotation) {
		    my @refs = $self->_read_GenBank_References(\$buffer);
		    foreach my $ref ( @refs ) {
			$annotation->add_Annotation('reference',$ref);
		    }
		} else {
		    while(defined($buffer = $self->_readline())) {
			last if substr($buffer,0,1) ne ' ';
		    }
		}
		next;
	    }
		# Project
		elsif (/^PROJECT\s+(\S.*)/) {
			if ($annotation) {
				my $project = new Bio::Annotation::SimpleValue->new(-value => $1);
				$annotation->add_Annotation('project',$project);
			}
		}
	    # Comments
	    elsif (/^COMMENT\s+(\S.*)/) {
		if($annotation) {
		    my $comment = $1;
		    while (defined($_ = $self->_readline)) {
			last if (/^\S/);
			$comment .= $_;
		    }
		    $comment =~ s/\n/ /g;
		    $comment =~ s/  +/ /g;
		    $annotation->add_Annotation('comment',
						Bio::Annotation::Comment->new(-text => $comment,
									      -tagname => 'comment'));
		    $buffer = $_;
		} else {
		    while(defined($buffer = $self->_readline())) {
			last if substr($buffer,0,1) ne ' ';
		    }
		}
		next;
	    }
	    # Corresponding Genbank nucleotide id, Genpept only
	    elsif( /^DB(?:SOURCE|LINK)\s+(\S.+)/ ) {
		if ($annotation) {
		    my $dbsource = $1;
		    while (defined($_ = $self->_readline)) {
			last if (/^\S/);
			$dbsource .= $_;
		    }
				# deal with UniProKB dbsources
		    if( $dbsource =~ s/(UniProt(?:KB)?|swissprot):\s+locus\s+(\S+)\,.+\n// ) {
			$annotation->add_Annotation
			    ('dblink',
			     Bio::Annotation::DBLink->new
			     (-primary_id => $2,
			      -database => $1,
			      -tagname => 'dblink'));
			if( $dbsource =~ s/\s+created:\s+([^\.]+)\.\n// ) {
			    $annotation->add_Annotation
				('swissprot_dates',
				 Bio::Annotation::SimpleValue->new
				 (-tagname => 'date_created',
				  -value => $1));
			}
			while( $dbsource =~ s/\s+(sequence|annotation)\s+updated:\s+([^\.]+)\.\n//g ) {
			    $annotation->add_Annotation
				('swissprot_dates',
				 Bio::Annotation::SimpleValue->new
				 (-tagname => 'date_updated',
				  -value => $2));
			}
			$dbsource =~ s/\n/ /g;
			if( $dbsource =~ s/\s+xrefs:\s+((?:\S+,\s+)+\S+)\s+xrefs/xrefs/ ) {
			    # will use $i to determine even or odd
			    # for swissprot the accessions are paired
			    my $i = 0;
			    for my $dbsrc ( split(/,\s+/,$1) ) {
				if( $dbsrc =~ /(\S+)\.(\d+)/ ||
				    $dbsrc =~ /(\S+)/ ) {
				    my ($id,$version) = ($1,$2);
				    $version ='' unless defined $version;
				    my $db;
				    if( $id =~ /^\d\S{3}/) {
					$db = 'PDB';
				    } else {
					$db = ($i++ % 2 ) ? 'GenPept' : 'GenBank';
				    }
				    $annotation->add_Annotation
					('dblink',
					 Bio::Annotation::DBLink->new
					 (-primary_id => $id,
					  -version => $version,
					  -database => $db,
					  -tagname => 'dblink'));
				}
			    }
			} elsif( $dbsource =~ s/\s+xrefs:\s+(.+)\s+xrefs/xrefs/i ) {
			    # download screwed up and ncbi didn't put acc in for gi numbers
			    my $i = 0;
			    for my $id ( split(/\,\s+/,$1) ) {
				my ($acc,$db);
				if( $id =~ /gi:\s+(\d+)/ ) {
				    $acc= $1;
				    $db = ($i++ % 2 ) ? 'GenPept' : 'GenBank';
				} elsif( $id =~ /pdb\s+accession\s+(\S+)/ ) {
				    $acc= $1;
				    $db = 'PDB';
				} else {
				    $acc= $id;
				    $db = '';
				}
				$annotation->add_Annotation
				    ('dblink',
				     Bio::Annotation::DBLink->new
				     (-primary_id => $acc,
				      -database => $db,
				      -tagname => 'dblink'));
			    }
			} else {
			    $self->debug("Cannot match $dbsource\n");
			}
			if( $dbsource =~ s/xrefs\s+\(non\-sequence\s+databases\):\s+
			    ((?:\S+,\s+)+\S+)//x ) {
			    for my $id ( split(/\,\s+/,$1) ) {
				my $db;
				# this is because GenBank dropped the spaces!!!
				# I'm sure we're not going to get this right
				##if( $id =~ s/^://i ) {
				##    $db = $1;
				##}
                                $db = substr($id,0,index($id,':'));
                                if (! exists $DBSOURCE{ $db }) {
                                      $db = '';   # do we want 'GenBank' here?
				}
                                $id = substr($id,index($id,':')+1);
				$annotation->add_Annotation
				    ('dblink',
				     Bio::Annotation::DBLink->new
				     (-primary_id => $id,
				      -database => $db,
				      -tagname => 'dblink'));
			    }
			}

		    } else {
                if( $dbsource =~ /^(\S*?):?\s*accession\s+(\S+)\.(\d+)/ ) {
                    my ($db,$id,$version) = ($1,$2,$3);
                    $annotation->add_Annotation
                    ('dblink',
                     Bio::Annotation::DBLink->new
                     (-primary_id => $id,
                      -version => $version,
                      -database => $db || 'GenBank',
                      -tagname => 'dblink'));
                } elsif ( $dbsource =~ /(\S+)([\.:])\s*(\d+)/ ) {
                    my ($id, $db, $version);
                    if ($2 eq ':') {
                        ($db, $id) = ($1, $3);
                    } else {
                        ($db, $id, $version) = ('GenBank', $1, $3);
                    }
                    $annotation->add_Annotation('dblink',
                        Bio::Annotation::DBLink->new(
                            -primary_id => $id,
                            -version => $version,
                            -database => $db,
                            -tagname => 'dblink')
                        );
                } else {
                    $self->warn("Unrecognized DBSOURCE data: $dbsource\n");
                }
		    }

		    $buffer = $_;
		} else {
		    while(defined($buffer = $self->_readline())) {
			last if substr($buffer,0,1) ne ' ';
		    }
		}
		next;
	    }
	    # Exit at start of Feature table, or start of sequence
	    last if( /^(FEATURES|ORIGIN)/ );
	    # Get next line and loop again
	    $buffer = $self->_readline;
	}
	return unless defined $buffer;

	# add them all at once for efficiency
	$builder->add_slot_value(-accession_number => shift(@acc),
				 -secondary_accessions =>\@ acc,
				 %params);
	$builder->add_slot_value(-annotation => $annotation) if $annotation;
	%params = (); # reset before possible re-use to avoid setting twice

	# start over if we don't want to continue with this entry
	if(! $builder->want_object()) {
	    $builder->make_object();
	    next RECORDSTART;
	}
	# some "minimal" formats may not necessarily have a feature table
	if($builder->want_slot('features') && defined($_) && /^FEATURES/o) {
	    # need to read the first line of the feature table
	    $buffer = $self->_readline;
	    # DO NOT read lines in the while condition -- this is done as a side
	    # effect in _read_FTHelper_GenBank!

#	    part of new circular spec: 
#	    commented out for now until kinks worked out
	    #my $sourceEnd = 0;
	    #$sourceEnd = $2 if ($buffer =~ /(\d+?)\.\.(\d+?)$/);

	    while( defined($buffer) ) {
				# check immediately -- not at the end of the loop
				# note: GenPept entries obviously do not have a BASE line
		last if( $buffer =~ /^BASE|ORIGIN|CONTIG|WGS/o);

				# slurp in one feature at a time -- at return, the start of
				# the next feature will have been read already, so we need
				# to pass a reference, and the called method must set this
				# to the last line read before returning

		my $ftunit = $self->_read_FTHelper_GenBank(\$buffer);

#		implement new circular spec: features that cross the origin are now
#		seamless instead of being 2 separate joined features
#		commented out until kinks get worked out
		#if ((! $args{'-nojoin'}) && $ftunit->{'loc'} =~ /^join\((\d+?)\.\.(\d+?),(\d+?)..(\d+?)\)$/ 
		#&& $sourceEnd == $2 && $3 == 1) {
			#my $start = $1;
			#my $end = $2 + $4;
			#$ftunit->{'loc'} = "$start..$end";
		#}

				# fix suggested by James Diggans

		if( !defined $ftunit ) {
		    # GRRRR. We have fallen over. Try to recover
		    $self->warn("Unexpected error in feature table for ".$params{'-display_id'}." Skipping feature, attempting to recover");
		    unless( ($buffer =~ /^\s{5,5}\S+/o) or
			    ($buffer =~ /^\S+/o)) {
			$buffer = $self->_readline();
		    }
		    next;	# back to reading FTHelpers
		}

				# process ftunit
		my $feat =
		    $ftunit->_generic_seqfeature($self->location_factory(),
						 $display_id);
				# add taxon_id from source if available
		if($species && ($feat->primary_tag eq 'source') &&
		   $feat->has_tag('db_xref') && (! $species->ncbi_taxid() ||
						 ($species->ncbi_taxid && $species->ncbi_taxid =~ /^list/))) {
		    foreach my $tagval ($feat->get_tag_values('db_xref')) {
			if(index($tagval,"taxon:") == 0) {
			    $species->ncbi_taxid(substr($tagval,6));
			    last;
			}
		    }
		}
				# add feature to list of features
		push(@features, $feat);
	    }
	    $builder->add_slot_value(-features =>\@ features);
	    $_ = $buffer;
	}
	if( defined ($_) ) {
	    if( /^CONTIG/o ) {
		my @contig;
		my $ctg = '';
		while($_ !~ m{^//}) { # end of file
		    $_ =~ /^(?:CONTIG)?\s+(.*)/;
		    $ctg .= $1;
		    $_ = $self->_readline;
		}
		if ($ctg) {
		    $annotation->add_Annotation( 
			Bio::Annotation::SimpleValue->new(-tagname => 'contig',
							  -value => $ctg )
			);
		}
		$self->_pushback($_);
	    } elsif( /^WGS|WGS_SCAFLD\s+/o ) { # catch WGS/WGS_SCAFLD lines
		while($_ =~ s/(^WGS|WGS_SCAFLD)\s+//){ # gulp lines
		    chomp;
		    $annotation->add_Annotation(
						Bio::Annotation::SimpleValue->new(-value => $_,
										  -tagname => lc($1)));
		    $_ = $self->_readline;
		}
	    } elsif(! m{^(ORIGIN|//)} ) { # advance to the sequence, if any
		while (defined( $_ = $self->_readline) ) {
		    last if m{^(ORIGIN|//)};
		}
	    }
	}
	if(! $builder->want_object()) {
	    $builder->make_object(); # implicit end-of-object
	    next RECORDSTART;
	}
	if($builder->want_slot('seq')) {
	    # the fact that we want a sequence does not necessarily mean that
	    # there also is a sequence ...
	    if(defined($_) && s/^ORIGIN\s+//) {
		chomp;
		if( $annotation && length($_) > 0 ) {
		    $annotation->add_Annotation('origin',
						Bio::Annotation::SimpleValue->new(-tagname => 'origin',
										  -value => $_));
		}
		my $seqc = '';
		while( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
		    m{^//} && last;
		    $_ = uc($_);
		    s/[^A-Za-z]//g;
		    $seqc .= $_;
		}
		#$self->debug("sequence length is ". length($seqc) ."\n");
		$builder->add_slot_value(-seq => $seqc);
	    }
	} elsif ( defined($_) && (substr($_,0,2) ne '//')) {
	    # advance to the end of the record
	    while( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
		last if substr($_,0,2) eq '//';
	    }
	}
	# Unlikely, but maybe the sequence is so weird that we don't want it
	# anymore. We don't want to return undef if the stream's not exhausted
	# yet.
	$seq = $builder->make_object();
	next RECORDSTART unless $seq;
	last RECORDSTART;
    }				# end while RECORDSTART

    return $seq;

}

sub write_seq {

    my ($self,@seqs) = @_;

    foreach my $seq ( @seqs ) {
	$self->throw("Attempting to write with no seq!") unless defined $seq;

	if( ! ref $seq || ! $seq->isa('Bio::SeqI') ) {
	    $self->warn(" $seq is not a SeqI compliant module. Attempting to dump, but may fail!");
	}

	my $str = $seq->seq;

	my ($div, $mol);
	my $len = $seq->length();

	if ( $seq->can('division') ) {
	    $div = $seq->division;
	}
	if( !defined $div || ! $div ) { $div = 'UNK'; }
	my $alpha = $seq->alphabet;
	if( !$seq->can('molecule') || ! defined ($mol = $seq->molecule()) ) {
	    $mol =  $alpha || 'DNA';
	}

	my $circular = 'linear  ';
	$circular = 'circular' if $seq->is_circular;

	local($^W) = 0;	# supressing warnings about uninitialized fields.

	my $temp_line;
	if( $self->_id_generation_func ) {
	    $temp_line = &{$self->_id_generation_func}($seq);
	} else {
	    my $date = '';
	    if( $seq->can('get_dates') ) {
		($date) = $seq->get_dates();
	    }

	    $self->warn("No whitespace allowed in GenBank display id [". $seq->display_id. "]")
		if $seq->display_id =~ /\s/;
        
	    $temp_line = sprintf ("%-12s%-15s%13s %s%4s%-8s%-8s %3s %-s\n",
				  'LOCUS', $seq->id(),$len,
				  (lc($alpha) eq 'protein') ? ('aa','', '') :
				  ('bp', '',$mol),$circular,$div,$date);
	}

	$self->_print($temp_line);
	$self->_write_line_GenBank_regex("DEFINITION  ", "            ",
					 $seq->desc(),"\\s\+\|\$",80);

	# if there, write the accession line

	if( $self->_ac_generation_func ) {
	    $temp_line = &{$self->_ac_generation_func}($seq);
	    $self->_print("ACCESSION   $temp_line\n");
	} else {
	    my @acc = ();
	    push(@acc, $seq->accession_number());
	    if( $seq->isa('Bio::Seq::RichSeqI') ) {
		push(@acc, $seq->get_secondary_accessions());
	    }
	    $self->_print("ACCESSION   ", join(" ", @acc), "\n");
	    # otherwise - cannot print <sigh>
	}

	# if PID defined, print it
	if($seq->isa('Bio::Seq::RichSeqI') && $seq->pid()) {
	    $self->_print("PID         ", $seq->pid(), "\n");
	}

	# if there, write the version line

	if( defined $self->_sv_generation_func() ) {
	    $temp_line = &{$self->_sv_generation_func}($seq);
	    if( $temp_line ) {
		$self->_print("VERSION     $temp_line\n");
	    }
	} else {
	    if($seq->isa('Bio::Seq::RichSeqI') && defined($seq->seq_version)) {
		my $id = $seq->primary_id(); # this may be a GI number
		$self->_print("VERSION     ",
			      $seq->accession_number(), ".", $seq->seq_version,
			      ($id && ($id =~ /^\d+$/) ? "  GI:".$id : ""),
			      "\n");
	    }
	}
    
    # if there, write the PROJECT line    
	for my $proj ( $seq->annotation->get_Annotations('project') ) {
		$self->_print("PROJECT     ".$proj->value."\n");
    }

	# if there, write the DBSOURCE line
	foreach my $ref ( $seq->annotation->get_Annotations('dblink') ) {
        my ($db, $id) = ($ref->database, $ref->primary_id);
        my $prefix = $db eq 'Project' ? 'DBLINK' : 'DBSOURCE';
        my $text =  $db eq 'GenBank' ? ''           :
                    $db eq 'Project' ? "$db:$id"    :  "$db accession $id";
	    $self->_print(sprintf ("%-11s %s\n",$prefix, $text));
	}

	# if there, write the keywords line
	if( defined $self->_kw_generation_func() ) {
	    $temp_line = &{$self->_kw_generation_func}($seq);
	    $self->_print("KEYWORDS    $temp_line\n");
	} else {
	    if( $seq->can('keywords') ) {
		my $kw = $seq->keywords;
		$kw .= '.' if( $kw !~ /\.$/ );
		$self->_print("KEYWORDS    $kw\n");
	    }
	}

	# SEGMENT if it exists
	foreach my $ref ( $seq->annotation->get_Annotations('segment') ) {
	    $self->_print(sprintf ("%-11s %s\n",'SEGMENT',
				   $ref->value));
	}

	# Organism lines
	if (my $spec = $seq->species) {
	    my ($on, $sn, $cn) = ($spec->can('organelle') ? $spec->organelle : '',
				  $spec->scientific_name,
				  $spec->common_name);
	    my @classification;
        if ($spec->isa('Bio::Species')) {
            @classification = $spec->classification;
    	    shift(@classification);
        } else {
            # Bio::Taxon should have a DB handle of some type attached, so
            # derive the classification from that
            my $node = $spec;
            while ($node) {
                $node = $node->ancestor || last;
                unshift(@classification, $node->node_name);
                #$node eq $root && last;
            }
            @classification = reverse @classification;
        }
	    my $abname = $spec->name('abbreviated') ? # from genbank file
		$spec->name('abbreviated')->[0] : $sn;
	    my $sl = $on ? "$on "            : '';
	    $sl   .= $cn ? $abname." ($cn)" : "$abname";

	    $self->_write_line_GenBank_regex("SOURCE      ", ' 'x12, $sl, "\\s\+\|\$",80);
	    $self->_print("  ORGANISM  ", $spec->scientific_name, "\n");
	    my $OC = join('; ', (reverse(@classification))) .'.';
	    $self->_write_line_GenBank_regex(' 'x12,' 'x12,
					     $OC,"\\s\+\|\$",80);
	}

	# Reference lines
	my $count = 1;
	foreach my $ref ( $seq->annotation->get_Annotations('reference') ) {
	    $temp_line = "REFERENCE   $count";
	    if ($ref->start) {
                $temp_line .= sprintf ("  (%s %d to %d)",
                                       ($seq->alphabet() eq "protein" ?
                                        "residues" : "bases"),
                                       $ref->start,$ref->end);
            } elsif ($ref->gb_reference) {
                $temp_line .= sprintf ("  (%s)", $ref->gb_reference);
            }
	    $self->_print("$temp_line\n");
	    $self->_write_line_GenBank_regex("  AUTHORS   ",' 'x12,
					     $ref->authors,"\\s\+\|\$",80);
	    $self->_write_line_GenBank_regex("  CONSRTM   ",' 'x12,
					     $ref->consortium,"\\s\+\|\$",80) if $ref->consortium;
	    $self->_write_line_GenBank_regex("  TITLE     "," "x12,
					     $ref->title,"\\s\+\|\$",80);
	    $self->_write_line_GenBank_regex("  JOURNAL   "," "x12,
					     $ref->location,"\\s\+\|\$",80);
	    if( $ref->medline) {
		$self->_write_line_GenBank_regex("  MEDLINE   "," "x12,
						 $ref->medline, "\\s\+\|\$",80);
		# I am assuming that pubmed entries only exist when there
		# are also MEDLINE entries due to the indentation
	    }
	    # This could be a wrong assumption
	    if( $ref->pubmed ) {
		$self->_write_line_GenBank_regex("   PUBMED   "," "x12,
						 $ref->pubmed, "\\s\+\|\$",
						 80);
	    }
	    # put remark at the end
	    if ($ref->comment) {
		$self->_write_line_GenBank_regex("  REMARK    "," "x12,
						 $ref->comment,"\\s\+\|\$",80);
	    }
	    $count++;
	}

	# Comment lines
	foreach my $comment ( $seq->annotation->get_Annotations('comment') ) {
	    $self->_write_line_GenBank_regex("COMMENT     "," "x12,
					     $comment->text,"\\s\+\|\$",80);
	}
	$self->_print("FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers\n");

	if( defined $self->_post_sort ) {
	    # we need to read things into an array. Process. Sort them. Print 'em

	    my $post_sort_func = $self->_post_sort();
	    my @fth;

	    foreach my $sf ( $seq->top_SeqFeatures ) {
		push(@fth,Bio::SeqIO::FTHelper::from_SeqFeature($sf,$seq));
	    }

	    @fth = sort { &$post_sort_func($a,$b) } @fth;

	    foreach my $fth ( @fth ) {
		$self->_print_GenBank_FTHelper($fth);
	    }
	} else {
	    # not post sorted. And so we can print as we get them.
	    # lower memory load...

	    foreach my $sf ( $seq->top_SeqFeatures ) {
		my @fth = Bio::SeqIO::FTHelper::from_SeqFeature($sf,$seq);
		foreach my $fth ( @fth ) {
		    if( ! $fth->isa('Bio::SeqIO::FTHelper') ) {
			$sf->throw("Cannot process FTHelper... $fth");
		    }
		    $self->_print_GenBank_FTHelper($fth);
		}
	    }
	}

	# deal with WGS; WGS_SCAFLD present only if WGS is also present
	if($seq->annotation->get_Annotations('wgs')) {
	    foreach my $wgs
		(map {$seq->annotation->get_Annotations($_)} qw(wgs wgs_scaffold)) {
		    $self->_print(sprintf ("%-11s %s\n",uc($wgs->tagname),
					   $wgs->value));
		}
	    $self->_show_dna(0);
	}
	if($seq->annotation->get_Annotations('contig')) {
	    my $ct = 0;
	    my $cline;
	    foreach my $contig ($seq->annotation->get_Annotations('contig')) {
		unless ($ct) {
		    $cline = uc($contig->tagname)."      ".$contig->value."\n";
		} else {
		    $cline = "            ".$contig->value."\n";
		}
		$self->_print($cline);
		$ct++;
	    }
	    $self->_show_dna(0);
	}
	if( $seq->length == 0 ) { $self->_show_dna(0) }

	if( $self->_show_dna() == 0 ) {
	    $self->_print("\n//\n");
	    return;
	}

	# finished printing features.

	$str =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;

	my ($o) = $seq->annotation->get_Annotations('origin');
	$self->_print(sprintf("%-12s%s\n",
			      'ORIGIN', $o ? $o->value : ''));
	# print out the sequence
	my $nuc = 60;		# Number of nucleotides per line
	my $whole_pat = 'a10' x 6; # Pattern for unpacking a whole line
	my $out_pat   = 'A11' x 6; # Pattern for packing a line
	my $length = length($str);

	# Calculate the number of nucleotides which fit on whole lines
	my $whole = int($length / $nuc) * $nuc;

	# Print the whole lines
	my $i;
	for ($i = 0; $i < $whole; $i += $nuc) {
	    my $blocks = pack $out_pat,
	    unpack $whole_pat,
	    substr($str, $i, $nuc);
	    chop $blocks;
	    $self->_print(sprintf("%9d $blocks\n", $i + $nuc - 59));
	}

	# Print the last line
	if (my $last = substr($str, $i)) {
	    my $last_len = length($last);
	    my $last_pat = 'a10' x int($last_len / 10) .
		'a'. $last_len % 10;
	    my $blocks = pack $out_pat,
	    unpack($last_pat, $last);
	    $blocks =~ s/ +$//;
	    $self->_print(sprintf("%9d $blocks\n",
				  $length - $last_len + 1));
	}

	$self->_print("//\n");

	$self->flush if $self->_flush_on_write && defined $self->_fh;
	return 1;
    }

}

sub _print_GenBank_FTHelper {

    my ($self,$fth) = @_;

    if( ! ref $fth || ! $fth->isa('Bio::SeqIO::FTHelper') ) {
	$fth->warn("$fth is not a FTHelper class. Attempting to print, but there could be tears!");
    }
    my $spacer = (length $fth->key >= 15) ? ' ' : '';
    $self->_write_line_GenBank_regex(sprintf("     %-16s%s",$fth->key,$spacer),
				     " "x21,
				     $fth->loc,"\,\|\$",80);
    foreach my $tag ( keys %{$fth->field} ) {
	foreach my $value ( @{$fth->field->{$tag}} ) {
	    $value =~ s/\"/\"\"/g;
	    if ($value eq "_no_value") {
		$self->_write_line_GenBank_regex(" "x21,
						 " "x21,
						 "/$tag","\.\|\$",80);
	    }
	    # there are almost 3x more quoted qualifier values and they
	    # are more common too so we take quoted ones first
	    elsif (!$FTQUAL_NO_QUOTE{$tag}) {
		my ($pat) = ($value =~ /\s/ ? '\s|$' : '.|$');
		$self->_write_line_GenBank_regex(" "x21,
						 " "x21,
						 "/$tag=\"$value\"",$pat,80);

	    } else {
		$self->_write_line_GenBank_regex(" "x21,
						 " "x21,
						 "/$tag=$value","\.\|\$",80);
	    }
	}
    }

}

sub _read_GenBank_References {

    my ($self,$buffer) = @_;
    my (@refs);
    my $ref;

    # assumme things are starting with RN

    if( $$buffer !~ /^REFERENCE/ ) {
	warn("Not parsing line '$$buffer' which maybe important");
    }

    $_ = $$buffer;

    my (@title,@loc,@authors,@consort,@com,@medline,@pubmed);

  REFLOOP: while( defined($_) || defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
      if (/^\s{2}AUTHORS\s+(.*)/o) {
	  push (@authors, $1);
	  while ( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
	      /^\s{9,}(.*)/o && do { push (@authors, $1);next;};
	      last;
	  }
	  $ref->authors(join(' ', @authors));
      }
      if (/^\s{2}CONSRTM\s+(.*)/o) {
	  push (@consort, $1);
	  while ( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
	      /^\s{9,}(.*)/o && do { push (@consort, $1);next;};
	      last;
	  }
	  $ref->consortium(join(' ', @consort));
      }
      if (/^\s{2}TITLE\s+(.*)/o)  {
	  push (@title, $1);
	  while ( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
	      /^\s{9,}(.*)/o && do { push (@title, $1);
				     next;
				 };
	      last;
	  }
	  $ref->title(join(' ', @title));
      }
      if (/^\s{2}JOURNAL\s+(.*)/o) {
	  push(@loc, $1);
	  while ( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
	      # we only match when there are at least 4 spaces
	      # there is probably a better way to match this
	      # as it assumes that the describing tag is short enough
	      /^\s{9,}(.*)/o && do { push(@loc, $1);
				     next;
				 };
	      last;
	  }
	  $ref->location(join(' ', @loc));
	  redo REFLOOP;
      }
      if (/^\s{2}REMARK\s+(.*)/o) {
	  push (@com, $1);
	  while ( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
	      /^\s{9,}(.*)/o && do { push(@com, $1);
				     next;
				 };
	      last;
	  }
	  $ref->comment(join(' ', @com));
	  redo REFLOOP;
      }
      if( /^\s{2}MEDLINE\s+(.*)/ ) {
	  push(@medline,$1);
	  while ( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
	      /^\s{9,}(.*)/ && do { push(@medline, $1);
				    next;
				};
	      last;
	  }
	  $ref->medline(join(' ', @medline));
	  redo REFLOOP;
      }
      if( /^\s{3}PUBMED\s+(.*)/ ) {
	  push(@pubmed,$1);
	  while ( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
	      /^\s{9,}(.*)/ && do { push(@pubmed, $1);
				    next;
				};
	      last;
	  }
	  $ref->pubmed(join(' ', @pubmed));
	  redo REFLOOP;
      }

      /^REFERENCE/o && do {
	  # store current reference
	  $self->_add_ref_to_array(\@refs,$ref) if defined $ref;
	  # reset
	  @authors = ();
	  @title = ();
	  @loc = ();
	  @com = ();
	  @pubmed = ();
	  @medline = ();
	  # create the new reference object
	  $ref = Bio::Annotation::Reference->new(-tagname => 'reference');
	  # check whether start and end base is given
	  if (/^REFERENCE\s+\d+\s+\([a-z]+ (\d+) to (\d+)\)/){
	      $ref->start($1);
	      $ref->end($2);
	  } elsif (/^REFERENCE\s+\d+\s+\((.*)\)/) {
	      $ref->gb_reference($1);
	  }
      };

      /^(FEATURES)|(COMMENT)/o && last;

      $_ = undef;	       # Empty $_ to trigger read of next line
  }

    # store last reference
    $self->_add_ref_to_array(\@refs,$ref) if defined $ref;

    $$buffer = $_;

    #print "\nnumber of references found: ", $#refs+1,"\n";

    return @refs;
}

#
# This is undocumented as it shouldn't be called by anywhere else as
# read_GenBank_References. For those who still want to know:
#
# Purpose: adds a Reference object to an array of Reference objects, takes
#     care of possible cleanups to be done (currently, only author and title
#     will be chopped of trailing semicolons).
# Parameters:
#     a reference to an array of Reference objects
#     the Reference object to be added
# Returns: nothing
#

}

sub _add_ref_to_array {

    my ($self, $refs, $ref) = @_;

    # first, polish author and title by removing possible trailing semicolons
    my $au = $ref->authors();
    my $title = $ref->title();
    $au =~ s/;\s*$//g if $au;
    $title =~ s/;\s*$//g if $title;
    $ref->authors($au);
    $ref->title($title);
    # the rest should be clean already, so go ahead and add it
    push(@{$refs}, $ref);

}

sub _read_GenBank_Species {

    my ($self, $buffer) = @_;

    my @unkn_names = ('other', 'unknown organism', 'not specified', 'not shown',
		      'Unspecified', 'Unknown', 'None', 'unclassified',
		      'unidentified organism', 'not supplied');
    # dictionary of synonyms for taxid 32644
    my @unkn_genus = ('unknown','unclassified','uncultured','unidentified');
    # all above can be part of valid species name

    my $line = $$buffer;

    my( $sub_species, $species, $genus, $sci_name, $common, $class_lines,
        $source_flag, $abbr_name, $organelle, $sl );
    my %source = map { $_ => 1 } qw(SOURCE ORGANISM CLASSIFICATION);
    # upon first entering the loop, we must not read a new line -- the SOURCE
    # line is already in the buffer (HL 05/10/2000)
    my ($ann, $tag, $data);
    while (defined($line) || defined($line = $self->_readline())) {
        # de-HTMLify (links that may be encountered here don't contain
        # escaped '>', so a simple-minded approach suffices)
        $line =~ s{<[^>]+>}{}g;
        if ($line =~ m{^(?:\s{0,2})(\w+)\s+(.+)?$}ox) {
            ($tag, $data) = ($1, $2 || '');
            last if ($tag && !exists $source{$tag});            
        } else {
            return unless $tag;
            ($data = $line) =~ s{^\s+}{};
            chomp $data;
            $tag = 'CLASSIFICATION' if ($tag ne 'CLASSIFICATION' && $tag eq 'ORGANISM' &&  $line =~ m{[;\.]+});
        }
        (exists $ann->{$tag}) ? ($ann->{$tag} .= ' '.$data) : ($ann->{$tag} .= $data);
        $line = undef;        
    }
    
    ($sl, $class_lines, $sci_name) = ($ann->{SOURCE}, $ann->{CLASSIFICATION}, $ann->{ORGANISM});
    
    $$buffer = $line;

    $sci_name || return;

    # parse out organelle, common name, abbreviated name if present;
    # this should catch everything, but falls back to
    # entire SOURCE line just in case
    if ($sl =~ m{^
		     (mitochondrion|chloroplast|plastid)?
		     \s*(.*?)
		     \s*(?: \( (.*?) \) )?\.?
		     $ 
		 }xms ){ 
        ($organelle, $abbr_name, $common) = ($1, $2, $3); # optional
    } else {
        $abbr_name = $sl;	# nothing caught; this is a backup!
    }

    # Convert data in classification lines into classification array.
    # only split on ';' or '.' so that classification that is 2 or more words will
    # still get matched, use map() to remove trailing/leading/intervening spaces
    my @class = map { s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; s/\s{2,}/ /g; $_; } split /(?<!subgen)[;\.]+/, $class_lines;

    # do we have a genus?
    my $possible_genus =  quotemeta($class[-1])
       . ($class[-2] ? "|" . quotemeta($class[-2]) : '');
    if ($sci_name =~ /^($possible_genus)/) {
	$genus = $1;
	($species) = $sci_name =~ /^$genus\s+(.+)/;
    }
    else {
	$species = $sci_name;
    }

    # is this organism of rank species or is it lower?
    # (we don't catch everything lower than species, but it doesn't matter -
    # this is just so we abide by previous behaviour whilst not calling a
    # species a subspecies)
    if ($species && $species =~ /(.+)\s+((?:subsp\.|var\.).+)/) {
        ($species, $sub_species) = ($1, $2);
    }

    # Don't make a species object if it's empty or "Unknown" or "None"
    # return unless $genus and  $genus !~ /^(Unknown|None)$/oi;
    # Don't make a species object if it belongs to taxid 32644
#	my $unkn = grep { $_ =~ /^\Q$sl\E$/; } @unkn_names;
    my $unkn = grep { $_ eq $sl } @unkn_names;
    return unless ($species || $genus) and $unkn == 0;

    # Bio::Species array needs array in Species -> Kingdom direction
    push(@class, $sci_name);
    @class = reverse @class;

    my $make = Bio::Species->new();
    $make->scientific_name($sci_name);
    $make->classification(@class) if @class > 0;
    $make->common_name( $common ) if $common;
    $make->name('abbreviated', $abbr_name) if $abbr_name;
    $make->organelle($organelle) if $organelle;
    #$make->sub_species( $sub_species ) if $sub_species;
    return $make;

}

sub _read_FTHelper_GenBank {

    my ($self,$buffer) = @_;

    my ($key,			# The key of the feature
	$loc			# The location line from the feature
	);
    my @qual = ();	  # An array of lines making up the qualifiers

    if ($$buffer =~ /^\s{5}(\S+)\s+(.+?)\s*$/o) {
	$key = $1;
	$loc = $2;
	# Read all the lines up to the next feature
	while ( defined($_ = $self->_readline) ) {
	    if (/^(\s+)(.+?)\s*$/o) {
				# Lines inside features are preceded by 21 spaces
				# A new feature is preceded by 5 spaces
		if (length($1) > 6) {
		    # Add to qualifiers if we're in the qualifiers, or if it's
		    # the first qualifier
		    if (@qual || (index($2,'/') == 0)) {
			push(@qual, $2);
		    }
		    # We're still in the location line, so append to location
		    else {
			$loc .= $2;
		    }
		} else {
		    # We've reached the start of the next feature
		    last;
		}
	    } else {
				# We're at the end of the feature table
		last;
	    }
	}
    } else {
	# No feature key
	$self->debug("no feature key!\n");
	# change suggested by JDiggans to avoid infinite loop-
	# see bugreport 1062.
	# reset buffer to prevent infinite loop
	$$buffer = $self->_readline();
	return;
    }

    # Put the first line of the next feature into the buffer
    $$buffer = $_;

    # Make the new FTHelper object
    my $out = Bio::SeqIO::FTHelper->new();
    $out->verbose($self->verbose());
    $out->key($key);
    $out->loc($loc);

    # Now parse and add any qualifiers.  (@qual is kept
    # intact to provide informative error messages.)
  QUAL:
    for (my $i = 0; $i < @qual; $i++) {
	$_ = $qual[$i];
	my( $qualifier, $value ) = (m{^/([^=]+)(?:=(.+))?})
	    or $self->warn("cannot see new qualifier in feature $key: ".
			   $qual[$i]);
	$qualifier = '' unless( defined $qualifier);
	if (defined $value) {
	    # Do we have a quoted value?
	    if (substr($value, 0, 1) eq '"') {
				# Keep adding to value until we find the trailing quote
				# and the quotes are balanced
		while ($value !~ /\"$/ or $value =~ tr/"/"/ % 2) {
		    if($i >= $#qual) {
			$self->warn("Unbalanced quote in:\n" .
				    join("\n", @qual) .
				    "No further qualifiers will " .
				    "be added for this feature");
			last QUAL;
		    }
		    $i++; # modifying a for-loop variable inside of the loop
		    # is not the best programming style ...
		    my $next = $qual[$i];

		    # add to value with a space unless the value appears
		    # to be a sequence (translation for example)
		    # if(($value.$next) =~ /[^A-Za-z\"\-]/o) {
		    # changed to explicitly look for translation tag - cjf 06/8/29
		    if ($qualifier ne 'translation') {
			$value .= " ";
		    }
		    $value .= $next;
		}
				# Trim leading and trailing quotes
		$value =~ s/^"|"$//g;
				# Undouble internal quotes
		$value =~ s/""/\"/g;
	    } elsif ( $value =~ /^\(/ ) { # values quoted by ()s
				# Keep adding to value until we find the trailing bracket
				# and the ()s are balanced
		my $left = ($value =~ tr/\(/\(/); # count left parens
		my $right = ($value =~ tr/\)/\)/); # count right parens

		while( $left != $right ) { # was "$value !~ /\)$/ or $left != $right"
		    if( $i >= $#qual) {
			$self->warn("Unbalanced parens in:\n".
				    join("\n", @qual).
				    "\nNo further qualifiers will ".
				    "be added for this feature");
			last QUAL;
		    }
		    $i++;
		    my $next = $qual[$i];
		    $value .= $next;
		    $left += ($next =~ tr/\(/\(/);
		    $right += ($next =~ tr/\)/\)/);
		}
	    }
	} else {
	    $value = '_no_value';
	}
	# Store the qualifier
	$out->field->{$qualifier} ||= [];
	push(@{$out->field->{$qualifier}},$value);
    }
    return $out;

}

sub _write_line_GenBank {

    my ($self,$pre1,$pre2,$line,$length) = @_;

    $length || $self->throw("Miscalled write_line_GenBank without length. Programming error!");
    my $subl = $length - length $pre2;
    my $linel = length $line;
    my $i;

    my $subr = substr($line,0,$length - length $pre1);

    $self->_print("$pre1$subr\n");
    for($i= ($length - length $pre1);$i < $linel;  $i += $subl) {
	$subr = substr($line,$i,$subl);
	$self->_print("$pre2$subr\n");
    }

}

sub _write_line_GenBank_regex {

    my ($self,$pre1,$pre2,$line,$regex,$length) = @_;

    #print STDOUT "Going to print with $line!\n";

    $length || $self->throw( "Miscalled write_line_GenBank without length. Programming error!");

    my $subl = $length - (length $pre1) - 2;
    my @lines = ();

    CHUNK: while($line) {
        foreach my $pat ($regex, '[,;\.\/-]\s|'.$regex, '[,;\.\/-]|'.$regex) {
          if($line =~ m/^(.{0,$subl})($pat)(.*)/ ) {
              my $l = $1.$2;
              $line = substr($line,length($l));
              # be strict about not padding spaces according to
              # genbank format
              $l =~ s/\s+$//;
              next CHUNK if ($l eq '');
              push(@lines, $l);
              next CHUNK;
          }
        }
        # if we get here none of the patterns matched $subl or less chars
        $self->warn("trouble dissecting\" $line\"\n     into chunks ".
            "of $subl chars or less - this tag won't print right");
        # insert a space char to prevent infinite loops
        $line = substr($line,0,$subl) . " " . substr($line,$subl);
    }
    my $s = shift @lines;
    $self->_print("$pre1$s\n") if $s;
    foreach my $s ( @lines ) {
	$self->_print("$pre2$s\n");
    }

}

sub _post_sort {

    my ($obj,$value) = @_;
    if( defined $value) {
	$obj->{'_post_sort'} = $value;
    }
    return $obj->{'_post_sort'};

}

sub _show_dna {

    my ($obj,$value) = @_;
    if( defined $value) {
	$obj->{'_show_dna'} = $value;
    }
    return $obj->{'_show_dna'};

}

sub _id_generation_func {

    my ($obj,$value) = @_;
    if( defined $value ) {
	$obj->{'_id_generation_func'} = $value;
    }
    return $obj->{'_id_generation_func'};

}

sub _ac_generation_func {

    my ($obj,$value) = @_;
    if( defined $value ) {
	$obj->{'_ac_generation_func'} = $value;
    }
    return $obj->{'_ac_generation_func'};

}

sub _sv_generation_func {

    my ($obj,$value) = @_;
    if( defined $value ) {
	$obj->{'_sv_generation_func'} = $value;
    }
    return $obj->{'_sv_generation_func'};

}

sub _kw_generation_func {

    my ($obj,$value) = @_;
    if( defined $value ) {
	$obj->{'_kw_generation_func'} = $value;
    }
    return $obj->{'_kw_generation_func'};
}

1;

}

General documentation

Data parsed in Bio::SeqIO::genbank is stored in a variety of data
fields in the sequence object that is returned. Here is a partial list
of fields.
Items listed as RichSeq or Seq or PrimarySeq and then NAME() tell you
the top level object which defines a function called NAME() which
stores this information.
Items listed as Annotation 'NAME' tell you the data is stored the
associated Bio::AnnotationCollectionI object which is associated with
Bio::Seq objects. If it is explicitly requested that no annotations
should be stored when parsing a record of course they will not be
available when you try and get them. If you are having this problem
look at the type of SeqBuilder that is being used to contruct your
sequence object.

 Comments             Annotation 'comment'
 References           Annotation 'reference'
 Segment              Annotation 'segment'
 Origin               Annotation 'origin'
 Dbsource             Annotation 'dblink'

 Accessions           PrimarySeq accession_number()
 Secondary accessions RichSeq get_secondary_accessions()
 GI number            PrimarySeq primary_id()
 LOCUS                PrimarySeq display_id()
 Keywords             RichSeq get_keywords()
 Dates                RichSeq get_dates()
 Molecule             RichSeq molecule()
 Seq Version          RichSeq seq_version()
 PID                  RichSeq pid()
 Division             RichSeq division()
 Features             Seq get_SeqFeatures()
 Alphabet             PrimarySeq alphabet()
 Definition           PrimarySeq description() or desc()
 Version              PrimarySeq version()

 Sequence             PrimarySeq seq()

There is more information in the Feature-Annotation HOWTO about each
field and how it is mapped to the Sequence object
http://bioperl.open-bio.org/wiki/HOWTO:Feature-Annotation.

User feedback is an integral part of the evolution of this and other
Bioperl modules. Send your comments and suggestions preferably to one
of the Bioperl mailing lists. Your participation is much appreciated.

  bioperl-l@bioperl.org                  - General discussion
  http://bioperl.org/wiki/Mailing_lists  - About the mailing lists

Please direct usage questions or support issues to the mailing list:
bioperl-l@bioperl.org
rather than to the module maintainer directly. Many experienced and
reponsive experts will be able look at the problem and quickly
address it. Please include a thorough description of the problem
with code and data examples if at all possible.

Report bugs to the Bioperl bug tracking system to help us keep track
the bugs and their resolution. Bug reports can be submitted via the web:

  https://redmine.open-bio.org/projects/bioperl/

bioperl-l at bioperl.org
Original author Elia Stupka, elia -at- tigem.it

Ewan Birney birney at ebi.ac.uk
Jason Stajich jason at bioperl.org
Chris Mungall cjm at fruitfly.bdgp.berkeley.edu
Lincoln Stein lstein at cshl.org
Heikki Lehvaslaiho, heikki at ebi.ac.uk
Hilmar Lapp, hlapp at gmx.net
Donald G. Jackson, donald.jackson at bms.com
James Wasmuth, james.wasmuth at ed.ac.uk
Brian Osborne, bosborne at alum.mit.edu
Chris Fields, cjfields at bioperl dot org

The rest of the documentation details each of the object
methods. Internal methods are usually preceded with a _